![]() Before the mid-nineteenth century, it appears that outsiders generically described the art as zhanquan ( 沾拳, "touch boxing"), "Long Boxing"( 長拳), mianquan ("Soft/Cotton/Neutralizing Boxing" 軟/棉/化拳) or shisan shi ( 十三式, "the thirteen techniques"). The etymology of tai chi's Chinese name is somewhat uncertain because of the lack of a record of spoken usage. Taiji, the cosmological relationship of Yin and Yang In English, tai chi is sometimes referred to as " shadowboxing". In pinyin, tai chi is spelled taijiquan ( tàijíquán). ![]() Since the late twentieth century, pinyin has replaced Wade–Giles as the most popular system for romanizing Chinese. But English speakers abbreviated it to " tʻai chi" and dropped the mark of aspiration. The Chinese name was first commonly written in English using the Wade–Giles system as " tʻai chi chʻüan". The name "tai chi", the most common English spelling, is not a standard romanization of the Chinese name for the art (simplified Chinese: 太极拳 traditional Chinese: 太極拳 lit. Tai chi was included in the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2020. Practitioners such as Yang Chengfu and Sun Lutang in the early 20th century promoted the art for its health benefits. Most modern styles trace their development to the five traditional schools: Chen, Yang, Wu (Hao), Wu, and Sun. While the precise origins are not known, the earliest documented practice is from Chen Village, Henan. Many forms of tai chi are practiced, both traditional and modern. Known for its slow, intentional movements, tai chi has practitioners worldwide and is particularly popular as a form of gentle exercise and moving meditation, with benefits to mental and physical health. Tai chi is an internal Chinese martial art practiced for self-defense and health.
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